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Ciliated protozoa (1700x)
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Dr. Dylan Burnette
National Institute of Child Health and Human Disease - National Institutes of Health - Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Specimen: Ciliated protozoa (1700x)
Technique: Confocal

The ciliates are a group of protozoans characterized by the presence of hair-like organelles called cilia, which are identical in structure to eukaryotic flagella, but typically shorter and present in much larger numbers with a different undulating pattern than flagella. Cilia occur in all members of the group (although the peculiar Suctoria only have them for part of the life-cycle) and are variously used in swimming, crawling, attachment, feeding, and sensation.
Ciliates are one of the most important groups of protists, common almost everywhere there is water — in lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers, and soils. Ciliates have many ectosymbiotic and endosymbiotic members, as well as some obligate and opportunistic parasites. Ciliates are large single cells, a few reaching 2 mm in length, and are some of the most complex protozoans in structure.
The term "Ciliophora" is used in classification as a phylum. Ciliophora can be classified under Protista or Protozoa. The term "Ciliata" is also used,as a class. (However, this latter term can also refer to a type of fish.) Protista classification is rapidly evolving, and it is not rare to encounter these terms used to describe other hierarchical levels.


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